Synthesis
The general procedure for the synthesis of (S)-2-amino-4-methylpentan-1-ol from L-leucine methyl ester hydrochloride was as follows: to a mixture of EtOH (1.8 L) containing L-leucine methyl ester hydrochloride (254 g, 1.4 mol), NaHCO3 (118 g, 1.4 mol, 1.0 eq.), and water (1.8 L) at 5°C, batchwise addition of NaBH4 (159 g, 4.2 mol, 3.0 eq.) at a rate commensurate with the reaction temperature, maintaining the reaction temperature at no more than 15°C (ca. 70 min.) After the addition of NaBH4 was complete, the ice bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux temperature and held overnight. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The resulting slurry was filtered with the aid of an ice bath and the solids were washed with EtOH (750 mL). The filtrates were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to about 950 mL. the residue was diluted with EtOAc (2.5 L) and subsequently extracted with 1N NaOH solution (2 x 1 L). The aqueous layer was back-extracted with EtOAc (2 x 750mL). The organic phases were combined, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylbutylamine as a light yellow oil (112 g, 65% yield). The product was characterized by 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 0.88-0.93 (m, 6H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.68-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.82 (br s, 2H), 2.86-2.91 (m, 1H), 3.22 (dd, J = 10.7,8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.56 ( dd, J = 10.3,3.6 Hz, 1H).
