Description
EX-527 (49843-98-3) is a selective SIRT1 inhibitor (IC50=98 nM). Does not inhibit other HDACs or SIRT family members. Increases p53 acetylation following DNA damage. Cell permeable.
Uses
A selective inhibitor of SIRT1 over SIRT2 and SIRT3
Uses
EX-527 has been used:
- in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide, 30%, polyethylene glycol-400 and 1% Tween 80 for treating C57BL/6 N mice to study its effect on intestinal morphological changes and crypt cell apoptosis
- as a an inhibitor of sirtuin 1, in treating human cancer lines MCF-7 (Michigan cancer foundation-7) and HCT116 (colon cancer cell line) incubated in Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium, to study its effect on mitochondrial ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production
- Intracerebroventricularly infused in rat model of epileptogenesis, to access kainic acid–induced status epilepticus stimulated sirtuin 1 activity
Uses
EX-527 is a potent and selective sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor (IC50 38 nM) identified from a high throughput screen. EX-527 is more selective (200-500-fold) for SIRT1 than for SIRT2 or SIRT3 and has been shown to be a potent SIRT6 inhibitor using H3K56 deacetylation site based substrate. EX-527 does not inhibit class I/II HDAC activity at concentrations up to 100uM. Enhances p53 acetylation in response to DNA damaging agents. EX-527 is racemic; the active isomer (EX-243) gives similar results and potency whereas the other isomer (designated EX-242) is inactive.
Definition
ChEBI: 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide is a member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine. It is a member of carbazoles, a monocarboxylic acid amide and an organochlorine compound.
General Description
A cell-permeable indole compound that acts as a potent and highly selective inhibitor of SIRT1 (IC
50 = 98 nM). It inhibits other sirtuin family deacetylases only at much higher concentrations (IC
50 = 19.6 and 48.7 μM for SIRT2 and SIRT3, respectively) and shows no inhibitory effect against class I and II HDACs or NAD glycohydrolase even at concentrations as high as 100 μM. Shown to be orally bioavailable with a serum half-life of 136 minutes in mice
in vivo.
Biological Activity
Selective inhibitor of SIRT1 that does not inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) or other sirtuin deacetylase family members (IC 50 values are 98, 19600, 48700, > 100000 and > 100000 nM for SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, HDAC and NADase respectively). Enhances p53 acetylation in response to DNA damaging agents.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Primary TargetSIRT1
Synthesis
Step 3: Ethyl 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxylate (1 g, 3.60 mmol, 1.00 eq.) was added to a 30 mL high-pressure reactor with a methanol solution of NH3 (7 M, 15 mL). The reactor was sealed and the reaction was stirred at 100 °C for 15 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the following conditions: the column was a Bridge Shield RP18 OBD column (5 μm, 19×150 mm); the mobile phases were water (containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid) and acetonitrile (acetonitrile ratio was increased from 31.0% to 42.0% in 10 min); the detection wavelength was UV 254/ 220 nm.The final product was 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide 400 mg (45% yield) as a white solid. The structure of the product was confirmed by NMR hydrogen spectroscopy (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.81 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.00 (m, 1H), 3.66 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.89 (m , 3H), 1.70 (m, 1H). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed m/z = 249 [M + H]+.
References
[1] ANDREW D. NAPPER. Discovery of Indoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Deacetylase SIRT1[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2005, 48 25: 8045-8054. DOI:
10.1021/jm050522v[2] JONATHAN M SOLOMON. Inhibition of SIRT1 catalytic activity increases p53 acetylation but does not alter cell survival following DNA damage.[J]. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2006: 28-38. DOI:
10.1128/mcb.26.1.28-38.2006[3] MELANIE GERTZ. Ex-527 inhibits Sirtuins by exploiting their unique NAD+-dependent deacetylation mechanism.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110 30: E2772-81. DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1303628110
