General procedure: 5-nitro-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene 2,2-dioxide (Compound 86.4, 0.12 g, 0.56 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to a suspension of 10% Pd/C (0.03 g) in methanol (3.0 mL). The suspension was purged with hydrogen (H2) gas for 1 hour. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered through a diatomaceous earth pad and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 5-amino-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene 2,2-dioxide (Compound 86.5, 0.08 g, 77.5% yield). Mass spectrum (electrospray ionization): m/z 184.1 [M + H]+.