| Name | 4-Hydroxynonenal |
| Description | 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (4-HNE) is an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. It is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). |
| In vitro | 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is both a substrate and an inhibitor of ALDH2, with inhibition reversible at low concentrations and becoming irreversible at 10 μM. It induces antioxidant defense mechanisms to limit its own production and enhance cellular protection against oxidative stress. As a product of lipid peroxidation, 4-HNE is mutagenic and genotoxic in viruses, bacteria, and mammalian cells, reacting with all four DNA bases with varying efficiency (G > C > A > T). 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG serves as the best biomarker of its genotoxic effects, primarily found in nuclear DNA [1]. |
| In vivo | Twenty-four hours after fluid percussion injury (FPI), mouse brain tissue is analyzed for the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Both wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) mice show increased 4-HNE expression following a moderate 15 psi injury compared to uninjured controls. In Nrf2-/-knockout mice, 4-HNE expression is significantly higher than in corresponding injured and uninjured Nrf2-/-wild-type animals [2]. |
| Storage | Store at low temperature | Pure form: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature. |
| Solubility Information | DMSO : 249 mg/mL (1593.91 mM), Sonication is recommended.
10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline : 5 mg/mL (32.01 mM), Sonication is recommended.
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| Keywords | stress | oxidative | nitrosative | mitochondria | Inhibitor | inhibit | Human Endogenous Metabolite | genotoxic | EndogenousMetabolite | Endogenous Metabolite | Cancer | biomarker | ALDH2 | ALDH | Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) | 4-Hydroxynonenal | 4Hydroxynonenal | 4 Hydroxynonenal |
| Inhibitors Related | Sucrose | Aceglutamide | Nicotinamide riboside malate | DL-Lysine | D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate | Guanidine hydrochloride | Formamide | Glycerol | Thymidine | Corn starch | Hyaluronic acid sodium (MW 20 kDa) | Gluconate Calcium |
| Related Compound Libraries | Anti-Tumor Natural Product Library | Bioactive Compound Library | Natural Product Library | Inhibitor Library | NO PAINS Compound Library | Natural Product Library for HTS | RO5 Drug-like Natural Product Library | Human Endogenous Metabolite Compound Library Plus | Bioactive Compounds Library Max | Gut Microbial Metabolite Library | Anti-Cancer Compound Library | Anti-Cancer Active Compound Library |
United States
