Betaine Hydrochloride (Betaine HCl)
CAS No: 590-46-5
Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₂ClNO₂
Molecular Weight: 153.61 g/mol
1. Product Description
Betaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of betaine (trimethylglycine). It is a white to slightly yellow crystalline powder with a characteristic, mildly acidic taste. It is freely soluble in water, hygroscopic, and widely used as a dietary supplement (digestive aid), feed additive, and biochemical reagent.
2. Specifications – Food / Nutraceutical / Pharmaceutical Grade
| Item | Specification / Typical Value | Notes |
|---|
| Appearance | White to pale yellow crystalline powder | Visual |
| Identification | Positive for betaine and chloride | USP / FCC |
| Assay (C₅H₁₂ClNO₂) | ≥ 98.0 % and ≤ 102.0 % (on dry basis) | HPLC / Titration |
| Loss on Drying (105 °C) | ≤ 2.0 % | USP |
| Residue on Ignition (Sulphated Ash) | ≤ 0.1 % | USP |
| pH (1 % solution) | 1.0 – 3.0 | 25 °C |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | USP <231> |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Chloride Content | 22.0 – 24.0 % | Theoretical consistency check |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water, clear solution | FCC |
| Microbiological Limits | Total plate count ≤ 10³ cfu/g; Yeast & mold ≤ 10² cfu/g; Pathogens negative | ISO / USP |
3. Specifications – Industrial / Feed Grade
| Item | Specification / Typical Value |
|---|
| Assay | ≥ 96.0 % (dry basis) |
| Appearance | White to pale yellow powder |
| Moisture | ≤ 2.0 % |
| Water-Insoluble Matter | ≤ 0.5 % |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 20 ppm |
Typical Applications:
Livestock feed additive (growth performance, gut health)
Technical intermediate in chemical or biochemical synthesis
4. Typical Applications
Nutraceuticals: Digestive aid (stomach acid support)
Food Additive: Source of betaine for functional foods & beverages
Pharmaceuticals: Component in certain formulations for hypochlorhydria treatment
Animal Nutrition: Improves feed conversion efficiency
5. Physical & Chemical Properties
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Taste: Slightly acidic, characteristic
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from air; store in tightly closed container
6. Storage & Handling
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Keep container tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption
Avoid prolonged exposure to air and light
Follow GMP/HACCP for food and pharma use
7. Packaging
Food / Pharma Grade: 25 kg fiber drum or multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene liner
Industrial / Feed Grade: 25 kg woven bags or bulk bags
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