Betaine Monohydrate
CAS No: 590-47-6
Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₁NO₂·H₂O
Molecular Weight: 135.17 g/mol
1. Product Description
Betaine Monohydrate (Trimethylglycine Monohydrate) is the monohydrated crystalline form of betaine. It appears as a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder, mildly sweet in taste, freely soluble in water, and hygroscopic. It is widely used as a methyl donor in biochemical processes, a nutritional supplement, and as a feed additive for livestock and aquaculture.
2. Specifications – Food / Nutraceutical / Pharmaceutical Grade
| Item | Specification / Typical Value | Method / Notes |
|---|
| Appearance | White to almost white crystalline powder | Visual |
| Identification | Positive for betaine | USP / FCC |
| Assay (C₅H₁₁NO₂·H₂O) | ≥ 98.0 % and ≤ 102.0 % (on dry basis) | HPLC / Titration |
| Loss on Drying (105 °C) | ≤ 6.0 % | Consistent with monohydrate |
| Residue on Ignition (Sulphated Ash) | ≤ 0.1 % | USP |
| pH (10 % solution) | 5.0 – 7.0 | 25 °C |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | USP <231> |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | ICP |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) | ≤ 0.1 % | USP |
| Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) | ≤ 0.1 % | USP |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water, clear solution | FCC |
| Microbiological Quality | Total Plate Count ≤ 10³ cfu/g; Yeast & Mold ≤ 10² cfu/g; E. coli, Salmonella negative | ISO / USP |
3. Specifications – Feed / Technical Grade
| Item | Specification / Typical Value |
|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Assay (C₅H₁₁NO₂·H₂O) | ≥ 96.0 % |
| Moisture | ≤ 6.0 % |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤ 0.2 % |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 20 ppm |
Typical Applications:
Poultry, swine, and aquaculture feed additive (improves growth, FCR, and stress tolerance)
Industrial osmolyte for enzyme stabilization
4. Typical Applications
Nutraceuticals: Methyl donor, homocysteine metabolism support, liver health
Functional Foods & Beverages: Fortification for sports nutrition
Pharmaceuticals: Ingredient in clinical nutrition and metabolic health products
Animal Nutrition: Improves feed conversion, reduces heat stress, promotes carcass quality
5. Physical & Chemical Properties
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Taste: Mildly sweet
Solubility: Freely soluble in water
Stability: Hygroscopic; keep sealed and dry
6. Storage & Handling
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Keep container tightly closed to avoid moisture uptake
Avoid excessive heat, sunlight, and contamination
Follow GMP / HACCP for food and pharma use
7. Packaging
Food / Pharma Grade: 25 kg fiber drum or multi-layer kraft bag with inner PE liner
Feed / Technical Grade: 25 kg woven bag, jumbo bag on request
For more information, please visit this website:https://www.khonorchem.com
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