Undecanoic anhydride 99.9% manufacturer for pharma used
Undecanoic anhydride
CAS number: 2082-77-1
1. Basic information
Molecular formula: C₂₂H₄₂O₃
Molecular weight: 354.57
Structural formula: (CH₃(CH₂)₉CO)₂O
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid or low melting point solid at room temperature
Solubility: insoluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, toluene and other organic solvents
Stability: easily decomposes when exposed to water, alcohol, and amines, producing undecanoic acid and corresponding esters/amides
2. Physical and chemical properties (reference)
Melting point: approx. 18–22°C
Boiling point: approx. 220–230°C (normal pressure)
Density: approx. 0.89–0.91 g/cm³ (25°C)
Flash point: approx. 160°C (closed cup)
3. Synthesis method
Using Undecanoic acid (CAS 112-37-8) as raw material, it is prepared through dehydration and condensation:
Dehydration by direct heating: Undecanoic acid is dehydrated at high temperature (180–220°C) and under reduced pressure to form an acid anhydride.
Acylating agent method: Undecanoic acid reacts with dehydrating agents such as acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, phosgene, and dichlorosulfoxide, with mild conditions and high yield.
Acid chloride method: First prepare undecanoic acid chloride, and then condense it with undecanoic acid in the presence of a base (such as triethylamine).
4. Main uses and downstream products
Undecanoic anhydride is a long-chain fatty acid anhydride. It is mainly used as an acylation reagent and an organic synthesis intermediate to introduce C₁₁ long-chain alkyl acyl groups.
1. Pharmaceutical field
Testosterone Undecanoate (CAS 5949-44-0): Undecanoic anhydride is directly esterified with testosterone. It is a long-acting steroid drug for the treatment of male hypogonadism. It is available in oral/injectable dosage forms.
Other steroids/drug esters: used to synthesize long-chain ester prodrugs of other long-acting steroid hormones, local anesthetics, and antifungals to extend the duration of action.
2. Organic synthesis and fine chemicals
Long-chain esters: react with alcohol to form undecanoate esters (such as methyl ester, ethyl ester, octyl ester, isooctyl ester), which are used as plasticizers, fragrances, lubricating oil additives, and metal working fluids.
Long-chain amide: reacts with amine to form undecaamide, which is used as surfactant, corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, and plastic antistatic agent.
Polymer modification: used for chain segment modification of polyester, polyamide, and epoxy resin to improve flexibility, hydrophobicity, and weather resistance.
Analytical reagent: used as a derivatization reagent for GC/GC-MS to acylate alcohols, amines, and phenols to improve volatility and detection sensitivity.
3. Other applications
Surfactants: Synthetic anionic/nonionic surfactants used for emulsification, dispersion, wetting, and cleaning.
Lubricants and anti-rust agents: used in metal working fluids, anti-rust oils, and greases to provide lubrication, anti-rust, and anti-wear properties.
Perfumes and daily chemicals: used in synthetic perfumes, cosmetics, and personal care products to provide mild, long-lasting skin feel and fragrance.
5. Safety, Storage and Transportation
Hazards: corrosive, irritating to skin, eyes, respiratory tract; flammable liquid.
Protection: Wear goggles, gloves, protective clothing, and operate in a fume hood.
Storage and transportation: Store in a sealed, dry, and cool place away from water, alcohol, amines, and oxidants; transport according to specifications for flammable liquids and corrosive chemicals.
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