What are the health risks associated with aniline?

Aniline is a carcinogen widely used in the textile, petroleum, rubber, pharmaceutical, herbicide, explosive stabiliser, plastic modifier, vulcanisation accelerator, insecticide and disinfectant industries. When this toxic substance enters the bloodstream, it interferes with oxygen uptake by converting haemoglobin into methaemoglobin, thereby causing a condition known as methaemoglobinaemia. Furthermore, this substance causes haemolytic damage to red blood cells, leading to anaemia; it adversely affects spleen function; promotes the formation of carcinogenic tumours; and significantly increases the risk of bladder cancer in humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified aniline as a Group 2B carcinogen, indicating that it may cause cancer in humans due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic potential.

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