What role does titanium dioxide play in food? Is it harmful?

Titanium dioxide is applied as food coloring and a whitening agent to a wide variety of foods, including chewing gum, cakes, candies, breads and ice cream. It has been linked to adverse health effects, particularly genotoxicity and intestinal inflammation. Because of health risks, France banned titanium dioxide as a food additive in 2020. Two years later the European Union also banned titanium dioxide as a food additive. But in the U.S., titanium dioxide is found all over the grocery shelves.

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